Detection, Diagnosis, and Imaging

Advances in Biomarkers and Molecular Diagnostics
Non-Invasive Cardiac Imaging Techniques
Invasive Diagnostic Techniques and Catheter-Based Imaging
Electrocardiographic and Electrophysiological Monitoring
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Cardiovascular Diagnosis
Point-of-Care and Wearable Technologies for Cardiovascular Monitoring
Nuclear Cardiology and Functional Imaging
Emerging Trends in Personalized and Preventive Cardiovascular Diagnosis

Early and accurate detection of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is vital for effective management and improved patient outcomes. Modern diagnostic methods have evolved, offering a wide range of non-invasive techniques and advanced molecular testing. Traditional tools like electrocardiograms (ECG), echocardiography, and stress tests remain essential first-line approaches, providing valuable insights into heart rhythm, structure, and overall function. These techniques are often the starting point for diagnosing a variety of cardiovascular conditions. More advanced modalities, including cardiac MRI, CT angiography, and positron emission tomography (PET), offer detailed images of coronary arteries, the myocardium, and blood flow patterns, allowing for a deeper understanding of the heart's condition and identifying areas of concern. Additionally, blood tests measuring cardiac biomarkers such as troponins, BNP, and CRP have become increasingly important in diagnosing conditions like myocardial infarction, heart failure, and inflammation. These biomarkers help confirm a diagnosis and track disease progression or response to treatment. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning technologies have further enhanced diagnostic precision. The integration of these technologies has significantly improved the ability to detect cardiovascular issues earlier, allowing for more timely interventions. As a result, these innovations are revolutionizing cardiovascular medicine, making diagnoses faster, more accurate, and less invasive. Ultimately, these advancements contribute to improved patient care by enabling more personalized treatment plans and better long-term outcomes for those affected by cardiovascular diseases.